Diagramix

Flowchart (Official documentation)

Mermaid Flowchart

System Message: # Flowcharts - Basic Syntax Flowcharts are composed of **nodes** (geometric shapes) and **edges** (arrows or lines). The Mermaid code defines how nodes and edges are made and accommodates different arrow types, multi-directional arrows, and any linking to and from subgraphs. ```warning If you are using the word "end" in a Flowchart node, capitalize the entire word or any of the letters (e.g., "End" or "END"), or apply this [workaround](https://github.com/mermaid-js/mermaid/issues/1444#issuecomment-639528897). Typing "end" in all lowercase letters will break the Flowchart. ``` ```warning If you are using the letter "o" or "x" as the first letter in a connecting Flowchart node, add a space before the letter or capitalize the letter (e.g., "dev--- ops", "dev---Ops"). Typing "A---oB" will create a [circle edge](#circle-edge-example). Typing "A---xB" will create a [cross edge](#cross-edge-example). ``` ### A node (default) ```mermaid-example --- title: Node --- flowchart LR id ``` ```note The id is what is displayed in the box. ``` ```tip Instead of `flowchart` one can also use `graph`. ``` ### A node with text It is also possible to set text in the box that differs from the id. If this is done several times, it is the last text found for the node that will be used. Also if you define edges for the node later on, you can omit text definitions. The one previously defined will be used when rendering the box. ```mermaid-example --- title: Node with text --- flowchart LR id1[This is the text in the box] ``` #### Unicode text Use `"` to enclose the unicode text. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id["This ❤ Unicode"] ``` #### Markdown formatting Use double quotes and backticks "\` text \`" to enclose the markdown text. ```mermaid-example %%{init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": false}} }%% flowchart LR markdown["`This **is** _Markdown_`"] newLines["`Line1 Line 2 Line 3`"] markdown --> newLines ``` ### Direction This statement declares the direction of the Flowchart. This declares the flowchart is oriented from top to bottom (`TD` or `TB`). ```mermaid-example flowchart TD Start --> Stop ``` This declares the flowchart is oriented from left to right (`LR`). ```mermaid-example flowchart LR Start --> Stop ``` Possible FlowChart orientations are: - TB - Top to bottom - TD - Top-down/ same as top to bottom - BT - Bottom to top - RL - Right to left - LR - Left to right ## Node shapes ### A node with round edges ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1(This is the text in the box) ``` ### A stadium-shaped node ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1([This is the text in the box]) ``` ### A node in a subroutine shape ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1[[This is the text in the box]] ``` ### A node in a cylindrical shape ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1[(Database)] ``` ### A node in the form of a circle ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1((This is the text in the circle)) ``` ### A node in an asymmetric shape ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1>This is the text in the box] ``` Currently only the shape above is possible and not its mirror. _This might change with future releases._ ### A node (rhombus) ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1{This is the text in the box} ``` ### A hexagon node ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1{{This is the text in the box}} ``` ### Parallelogram ```mermaid-example flowchart TD id1[/This is the text in the box/] ``` ### Parallelogram alt ```mermaid-example flowchart TD id1[\This is the text in the box\] ``` ### Trapezoid ```mermaid-example flowchart TD A[/Christmas\] ``` ### Trapezoid alt ```mermaid-example flowchart TD B[\Go shopping/] ``` ### Double circle ```mermaid-example flowchart TD id1(((This is the text in the circle))) ``` ## Links between nodes Nodes can be connected with links/edges. It is possible to have different types of links or attach a text string to a link. ### A link with arrow head ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-->B ``` ### An open link ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A --- B ``` ### Text on links ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-- This is the text! ---B ``` or ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A---|This is the text|B ``` ### A link with arrow head and text ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-->|text|B ``` or ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-- text -->B ``` ### Dotted link ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-.->B; ``` ### Dotted link with text ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-. text .-> B ``` ### Thick link ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A ==> B ``` ### Thick link with text ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A == text ==> B ``` ### An invisible link This can be a useful tool in some instances where you want to alter the default positioning of a node. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A ~~~ B ``` ### Chaining of links It is possible declare many links in the same line as per below: ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A -- text --> B -- text2 --> C ``` It is also possible to declare multiple nodes links in the same line as per below: ```mermaid-example flowchart LR a --> b & c--> d ``` You can then describe dependencies in a very expressive way. Like the one-liner below: ```mermaid-example flowchart TB A & B--> C & D ``` If you describe the same diagram using the basic syntax, it will take four lines. A word of warning, one could go overboard with this making the flowchart harder to read in markdown form. The Swedish word `lagom` comes to mind. It means, not too much and not too little. This goes for expressive syntaxes as well. ```mermaid flowchart TB A --> C A --> D B --> C B --> D ``` ## New arrow types There are new types of arrows supported: - circle edge - cross edge ### Circle edge example ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A --o B ``` ### Cross edge example ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A --x B ``` ## Multi directional arrows There is the possibility to use multidirectional arrows. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A o--o B B <--> C C x--x D ``` ### Minimum length of a link Each node in the flowchart is ultimately assigned to a rank in the rendered graph, i.e. to a vertical or horizontal level (depending on the flowchart orientation), based on the nodes to which it is linked. By default, links can span any number of ranks, but you can ask for any link to be longer than the others by adding extra dashes in the link definition. In the following example, two extra dashes are added in the link from node _B_ to node _E_, so that it spans two more ranks than regular links: ```mermaid-example flowchart TD A[Start] --> B{Is it?} B -->|Yes| C[OK] C --> D[Rethink] D --> B B ---->|No| E[End] ``` > **Note** Links may still be made longer than the requested number of ranks > by the rendering engine to accommodate other requests. When the link label is written in the middle of the link, the extra dashes must be added on the right side of the link. The following example is equivalent to the previous one: ```mermaid-example flowchart TD A[Start] --> B{Is it?} B -- Yes --> C[OK] C --> D[Rethink] D --> B B -- No ----> E[End] ``` For dotted or thick links, the characters to add are equals signs or dots, as summed up in the following table: | Length | 1 | 2 | 3 | | ----------------- | :----: | :-----: | :------: | | Normal | `---` | `----` | `-----` | | Normal with arrow | `-->` | `--->` | `---->` | | Thick | `===` | `====` | `=====` | | Thick with arrow | `==>` | `===>` | `====>` | | Dotted | `-.-` | `-..-` | `-...-` | | Dotted with arrow | `-.->` | `-..->` | `-...->` | ## Special characters that break syntax It is possible to put text within quotes in order to render more troublesome characters. As in the example below: ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1["This is the (text) in the box"] ``` ### Entity codes to escape characters It is possible to escape characters using the syntax exemplified here. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A["A double quote:#quot;"] --> B["A dec char:#9829;"] ``` Numbers given are base 10, so `#` can be encoded as `#35;`. It is also supported to use HTML character names. ## Subgraphs ``` subgraph title graph definition end ``` An example below: ```mermaid-example flowchart TB c1-->a2 subgraph one a1-->a2 end subgraph two b1-->b2 end subgraph three c1-->c2 end ``` You can also set an explicit id for the subgraph. ```mermaid-example flowchart TB c1-->a2 subgraph ide1 [one] a1-->a2 end ``` ### flowcharts With the graphtype flowchart it is also possible to set edges to and from subgraphs as in the flowchart below. ```mermaid-example flowchart TB c1-->a2 subgraph one a1-->a2 end subgraph two b1-->b2 end subgraph three c1-->c2 end one --> two three --> two two --> c2 ``` ### Direction in subgraphs With the graphtype flowcharts you can use the direction statement to set the direction which the subgraph will render like in this example. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR subgraph TOP direction TB subgraph B1 direction RL i1 -->f1 end subgraph B2 direction BT i2 -->f2 end end A --> TOP --> B B1 --> B2 ``` #### Limitation If any of a subgraph's nodes are linked to the outside, subgraph direction will be ignored. Instead the subgraph will inherit the direction of the parent graph: ```mermaid-example flowchart LR subgraph subgraph1 direction TB top1[top] --> bottom1[bottom] end subgraph subgraph2 direction TB top2[top] --> bottom2[bottom] end %% ^ These subgraphs are identical, except for the links to them: %% Link *to* subgraph1: subgraph1 direction is maintained outside --> subgraph1 %% Link *within* subgraph2: %% subgraph2 inherits the direction of the top-level graph (LR) outside ---> top2 ``` ## Markdown Strings The "Markdown Strings" feature enhances flowcharts and mind maps by offering a more versatile string type, which supports text formatting options such as bold and italics, and automatically wraps text within labels. ```mermaid-example %%{init: {"flowchart": {"htmlLabels": false}} }%% flowchart LR subgraph "One" a("`The **cat** in the hat`") -- "edge label" --> b{{"`The **dog** in the hog`"}} end subgraph "`**Two**`" c("`The **cat** in the hat`") -- "`Bold **edge label**`" --> d("The dog in the hog") end ``` Formatting: - For bold text, use double asterisks (`**`) before and after the text. - For italics, use single asterisks (`*`) before and after the text. - With traditional strings, you needed to add `<br>` tags for text to wrap in nodes. However, markdown strings automatically wrap text when it becomes too long and allows you to start a new line by simply using a newline character instead of a `<br>` tag. This feature is applicable to node labels, edge labels, and subgraph labels. ## Interaction It is possible to bind a click event to a node, the click can lead to either a javascript callback or to a link which will be opened in a new browser tab. ```note This functionality is disabled when using `securityLevel='strict'` and enabled when using `securityLevel='loose'`. ``` ``` click nodeId callback click nodeId call callback() ``` - nodeId is the id of the node - callback is the name of a javascript function defined on the page displaying the graph, the function will be called with the nodeId as parameter. Examples of tooltip usage below: ```html <script> const callback = function () { alert('A callback was triggered'); }; </script> ``` The tooltip text is surrounded in double quotes. The styles of the tooltip are set by the class `.mermaidTooltip`. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-->B B-->C C-->D click A callback "Tooltip for a callback" click B "https://www.github.com" "This is a tooltip for a link" click C call callback() "Tooltip for a callback" click D href "https://www.github.com" "This is a tooltip for a link" ``` > **Success** The tooltip functionality and the ability to link to urls are available from version 0.5.2. ?> Due to limitations with how Docsify handles JavaScript callback functions, an alternate working demo for the above code can be viewed at [this jsfiddle](https://jsfiddle.net/Ogglas/2o73vdez/7). Links are opened in the same browser tab/window by default. It is possible to change this by adding a link target to the click definition (`_self`, `_blank`, `_parent` and `_top` are supported): ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-->B B-->C C-->D D-->E click A "https://www.github.com" _blank click B "https://www.github.com" "Open this in a new tab" _blank click C href "https://www.github.com" _blank click D href "https://www.github.com" "Open this in a new tab" _blank ``` Beginner's tip—a full example using interactive links in a html context: ```html <body> <pre class="mermaid"> flowchart LR A-->B B-->C C-->D click A callback "Tooltip" click B "https://www.github.com" "This is a link" click C call callback() "Tooltip" click D href "https://www.github.com" "This is a link" </pre> <script> const callback = function () { alert('A callback was triggered'); }; const config = { startOnLoad: true, flowchart: { useMaxWidth: true, htmlLabels: true, curve: 'cardinal' }, securityLevel: 'loose', }; mermaid.initialize(config); </script> </body> ``` ### Comments Comments can be entered within a flow diagram, which will be ignored by the parser. Comments need to be on their own line, and must be prefaced with `%%` (double percent signs). Any text after the start of the comment to the next newline will be treated as a comment, including any flow syntax ```mermaid flowchart LR %% this is a comment A -- text --> B{node} A -- text --> B -- text2 --> C ``` ## Styling and classes ### Styling links It is possible to style links. For instance, you might want to style a link that is going backwards in the flow. As links have no ids in the same way as nodes, some other way of deciding what style the links should be attached to is required. Instead of ids, the order number of when the link was defined in the graph is used, or use default to apply to all links. In the example below the style defined in the linkStyle statement will belong to the fourth link in the graph: ``` linkStyle 3 stroke:#ff3,stroke-width:4px,color:red; ``` It is also possible to add style to multiple links in a single statement, by separating link numbers with commas: ``` linkStyle 1,2,7 color:blue; ``` ### Styling line curves It is possible to style the type of curve used for lines between items, if the default method does not meet your needs. Available curve styles include `basis`, `bumpX`, `bumpY`, `cardinal`, `catmullRom`, `linear`, `monotoneX`, `monotoneY`, `natural`, `step`, `stepAfter`, and `stepBefore`. In this example, a left-to-right graph uses the `stepBefore` curve style: ``` %%{ init: { 'flowchart': { 'curve': 'stepBefore' } } }%% graph LR ``` For a full list of available curves, including an explanation of custom curves, refer to the [Shapes](https://github.com/d3/d3-shape/blob/main/README.md#curves) documentation in the [d3-shape](https://github.com/d3/d3-shape/) project. ### Styling a node It is possible to apply specific styles such as a thicker border or a different background color to a node. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR id1(Start)-->id2(Stop) style id1 fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px style id2 fill:#bbf,stroke:#f66,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff,stroke-dasharray: 5 5 ``` #### Classes More convenient than defining the style every time is to define a class of styles and attach this class to the nodes that should have a different look. A class definition looks like the example below: ``` classDef className fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px; ``` Also, it is possible to define style to multiple classes in one statement: ``` classDef firstClassName,secondClassName font-size:12pt; ``` Attachment of a class to a node is done as per below: ``` class nodeId1 className; ``` It is also possible to attach a class to a list of nodes in one statement: ``` class nodeId1,nodeId2 className; ``` A shorter form of adding a class is to attach the classname to the node using the `:::`operator as per below: ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A:::someclass --> B classDef someclass fill:#f96 ``` This form can be used when declaring multiple links between nodes: ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A:::foo & B:::bar --> C:::foobar classDef foo stroke:#f00 classDef bar stroke:#0f0 classDef foobar stroke:#00f ``` ### CSS classes It is also possible to predefine classes in CSS styles that can be applied from the graph definition as in the example below: **Example style** ```html <style> .cssClass > rect { fill: #ff0000; stroke: #ffff00; stroke-width: 4px; } </style> ``` **Example definition** ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A-->B[AAA<span>BBB</span>] B-->D class A cssClass ``` ### Default class If a class is named default it will be assigned to all classes without specific class definitions. ``` classDef default fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:4px; ``` ## Basic support for fontawesome It is possible to add icons from fontawesome. The icons are accessed via the syntax fa:#icon class name#. ```mermaid-example flowchart TD B["fa:fa-twitter for peace"] B-->C[fa:fa-ban forbidden] B-->D(fa:fa-spinner) B-->E(A fa:fa-camera-retro perhaps?) ``` Mermaid supports Font Awesome if the CSS is included on the website. Mermaid does not have any restriction on the version of Font Awesome that can be used. Please refer the [Official Font Awesome Documentation](https://fontawesome.com/start) on how to include it in your website. Adding this snippet in the `<head>` would add support for Font Awesome v6.5.1 ```html <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet" /> ``` ## Graph declarations with spaces between vertices and link and without semicolon - In graph declarations, the statements also can now end without a semicolon. After release 0.2.16, ending a graph statement with semicolon is just optional. So the below graph declaration is also valid along with the old declarations of the graph. - A single space is allowed between vertices and the link. However there should not be any space between a vertex and its text and a link and its text. The old syntax of graph declaration will also work and hence this new feature is optional and is introduced to improve readability. Below is the new declaration of the graph edges which is also valid along with the old declaration of the graph edges. ```mermaid-example flowchart LR A[Hard edge] -->|Link text| B(Round edge) B --> C{Decision} C -->|One| D[Result one] C -->|Two| E[Result two] ``` ## Configuration ### Renderer The layout of the diagram is done with the renderer. The default renderer is dagre. Starting with Mermaid version 9.4, you can use an alternate renderer named elk. The elk renderer is better for larger and/or more complex diagrams. The _elk_ renderer is an experimental feature. You can change the renderer to elk by adding this directive: ``` %%{init: {"flowchart": {"defaultRenderer": "elk"}} }%% ``` ```note Note that the site needs to use mermaid version 9.4+ for this to work and have this featured enabled in the lazy-loading configuration. ``` ### Width It is possible to adjust the width of the rendered flowchart. This is done by defining **mermaid.flowchartConfig** or by the CLI to use a JSON file with the configuration. How to use the CLI is described in the mermaidCLI page. mermaid.flowchartConfig can be set to a JSON string with config parameters or the corresponding object. ```javascript mermaid.flowchartConfig = { width: 100% } ```